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全民英檢中高級閱讀能力預試(1)題解分析
(英檢中高級相當於學測、指考程度，讀者可以學測、指考題目再多加練習)
HIGH-INTERMEDIATE READING COMPREHENSION TEST

This test has three parts, with 50 multiple-choice questions (each with four choices) in total. Special directions will be provided for each part. You will have 60 minutes to complete this test.
Part A: Sentence Completion

This part of the test has 15 incomplete sentences.   Beneath each sentence you will see four words or phrases, marked A, B, C, and D.   You are to choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.   Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and mark your answer.

Part B: Cloze

This part of the test has two passages.   Each passage contains seven or eight missing words or phrases.   Beneath each passage, you will see seven or eight items with four choices, marked A, B, C, and D.   You are to choose the best answer for each missing word or phrase in the two passages.   Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and mark your answer.

Questions 16-20

        The digital age is dawning, and that’s good news for Asian companies. Already, a high _(16)   of the world’s new digital products, such as DVD players and digital cameras, are being produced there, not only     (17)    manufacturing costs are lower there than in North America and Europe, but also because Asia has become a center for     (18)   . Japanese companies, of course, have long been admired for their ability to design     (19)    manufacture consumer products that incorporate the latest technology while     (20)    the most-desired functions. Now other Asian countries like Korea and Taiwan are    (21)   . With the worldwide demand for digital products growing     (22)    a furious pace, the
future looks bright for the Asian companies that make them.

      數據時代來臨了，對亞洲的公司而言這是好消息。世界上一個很高  (16)   的新數據產 品，例如 DVD 撥放機、數據相機已經在那裡生產了，不但  (17)   那裡生產成本較北美和歐 洲低，而且也由於亞洲已經成為一個  (18)  中心。當然日本公司他們與最新技術結合，同 時也  提供(20)  最好功能的設計  和(19)  製造消費性產品的能力，長期以來另人羨慕。現 在其他亞洲國家，例如韓國、台灣正  (21)  。隨著全球對數據產品需求   以(22)   非常快速 的步伐成長，未來對那些製造它們的亞洲公司發展是光明的。

Questions 23-30

        In gardens and forests around the world, there is more and more evidence that the earth’s atmosphere is warming up. In North America, many species of birds which   (23)_ to fly south for the cold winter months are staying in the north    (24)  . A study of 77 gardens in Europe  (25)  that flowers are blooming earlier and leaves are falling  (26)_. In other words, as the atmosphere has gotten warmer, the growing season for vegetation has become a little bit longer each year. On the European continent, summer is  (27)  eleven days longer than it was forty years ago.
The 1990s were the warmest decade of the twentieth century, and the changes in air temperatures   (28)   ocean temperatures as well. Greenland’s ice sheet has been _(29)   rapidly, and high ocean temperatures are also damaging the coral reefs.    (30)  , there is no evidence that global warming is either slowing down or coming to an end.

      在全球的花園和森林中，地球大氣正在增溫中的證據是愈來愈多。在北美洲，許多種類 的鳥   (23)   從寒冷冬季南飛，現在待在北方 _(24)  。一項在歐洲 77 個花園作的研究顯示 (25) ，花現在開的較早，葉子落的較 _(26) 。換言之，由於大氣變的較溫暖，蔬菜的生長季 節，每年逐漸變的比較長。在歐洲大陸，夏天 _(27)   比 40 年前長了 11 天。
1990 年代是 20 世紀最溫暖的 10 年，而且大氣溫度的改變也 _(28)  了海洋的溫度。格林蘭島的大冰原至目前還一直在快速的 _ (29)  中，而且海洋的高溫也正在損害珊瑚礁。 _(30)  ， 沒有證據顯示全球暖化是在減緩還是停止了。

Part C: Reading

In this part of the test, you will read several passages.   Each passage is followed by several questions.   You are to choose the best answer, A, B, C, or D, to each question on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and mark your answer.

Questions 31–32

New Projects of the Sino-Israeli Petrochemical Company

中以(色列)石化公司新計劃

Questions 33-35

        The ROC Air Force has purchased a new “Air Force One,” the popular name for the aircraft used by senior officials of the ROC, including the president and vice-president. Like the previous “Air Force One,” which was leased from China Airlines, the new aircraft is a Boeing 737-800, which is capable of carrying up to 189 passengers and costs around US$45 million. It differs from the earlier aircraft, however, in its on-board instrumentation, which includes an advanced radar system and state-of-the-art communications equipment. In the event of a crisis, these facilities will enable the president to remain in contact with armed forces commanders while he is on board “Air Force One.” Two teams of ROC air force pilots will receive training in the US in using the new equipment before flying the aircraft back to Taiwan from there via Hawaii and Guam.

      中華民國空軍已經買了一架新的 ”空軍 1 號” ，一架被中華民國高級官員使用的飛機， 包括總統和副總統。就像前一架向中華航空公司租用的  ”空軍  1 號”一樣，新飛機是波音
737-800 型，它最多可以載客 189 位，價格約 4 千 5 百萬美元。然而，它的機上儀器和前一 架不一樣，它有先進的雷達系統和精密的通訊設備。在遇到危機事件時，總統在”空軍 1 號” 上，這些設備可以讓他和軍隊的指揮官们保持連繫。在經由夏威夷和關島飛回台灣之前，有
2 組中華民國空軍飛行員在美國接受使用這些新設備的訓練。

Questions 36-38

Questions 39-41
Over time, cacti literally reshaped themselves to fit their environment, by increasing their bulk and reducing the surface area they expose to the sun.   Cacti stopped bearing leaves; they could no longer afford to supply broad-surfaced appendages with water. When the cacti dispensed with foliage, their stems and branches took over the leaves’ work  of  manufacturing  food.    By  drawing  energy  from  almost  constant  sunlight  and moisture from their water-storing interior pulp, cacti can function all year round and flower even during lengthy droughts.  Many other adaptations help cacti survive in a harsh environment.  Their shallow, widespread root systems absorb maximum moisture in a region of brief rainstorms and thin quick-draining soil.   The waxy finish on their tough skins retards moisture loss, and their armament of sharp spines affords protection from sun, wind and from the depredations of hungry, thirsty desert creatures.

      隨著時間的演進，仙人掌以增加體積、減少暴露陽光表面的方式，實際上重新改變了自 己的外型以適應它們的環境。仙人掌停止了葉子生長；它們無法供給大面積枝葉的水份。當 仙人掌沒有了葉子，它們的根莖和支幹接管了葉子製造養份的工作。從幾乎永不缺乏的陽光 汲取能量和自它們內部貯藏樹汁汲取水份，仙人掌能夠全年成長，甚至在乾旱期也能開花。還有其他許多的適應能力幫助了仙人掌在嚴酷的環境中生存。它廣而淺的根莖系統在這個僅 有幾個短暫暴風雨和快速乾枯的區域吸收了最大的水份。它們如臘狀似的表皮減少了水份損 失，而且如武器般尖銳的刺保護它們免除了太陽、風和那些又饑又渴動物的摧殘。

Questions 42–45
In any group of elderly people, it is common to see some women who are unable to stand completely upright.   Their backs and heads are bent forward slightly, as if they were carrying a heavy load.   This is usually a sign of a bone problem that has developed over a number of years, a problem called osteoporosis.
Osteoporosis literally means porous bones—bones that are filled with tiny holes.   Our bones are in a constant state of change, continuously broken down and rebuilt through the body’s chemical processes.   Two kinds of cells are important in these processes: osteoclasts  and  osteoblasts.     Osteoclasts  renew  the  old  bone  by  dissolving  or reabsorbing it; this leaves an empty space.   Osteoblasts then fill this empty space with new bone.
When the rate of bone renewal doesn’t equal the rate of breakdown, bone loss results. When the bone loss becomes advanced, it is called osteoporosis.   The bones don’t actually change shape with osteoporosis; rather, they become porous, and therefore are more likely to break.   Often the first sign of osteoporosis is a bone fracture following a minor fall or accident.

      在任何一群老年人中，經常可以看見一些婦女不能完全站直。她們的背和頭微往前傾， 就好像她們搬了重物一樣。這通常是一個多年來形成的骨骼毛病徵兆，被稱為骨質疏鬆症。
骨質疏鬆字面上的意思是多孔的骨頭  – 骨頭充滿了細小的孔。我們的骨頭是一直在變化 的，隨著身體的化學轉變過程不斷地破裂和重新生長。在這些過程中，有二種細胞是重要的： 蝕骨細胞和成骨細胞。蝕骨細胞以溶蝕或再吸收老的骨頭來更新它，這樣就留下了一個空間。
成骨細胞接著以新骨頭來填補這個空間。
當骨頭更新的速度趕不上破壞的速度時，骨質流失產生了。當骨質流失嚴重時，就被稱
為骨質疏鬆。骨質疏鬆實際上不會改變骨頭形狀，它們應該說是孔變多了，以致容易骨折。 通常骨質疏鬆的徵兆是一個小摔跤或意外就會造成骨頭破裂。

Questions 46–50

      One of the largest youth organizations in the world is the 4-H, an organization of clubs for young people between 9 and 19. The main purpose of 4-H is to provide young people with the practical skills and understanding they will need to become useful members of their communities. The four H’s stand for head, heart, hands, and health.
When 4-H clubs first began in America in the early 1900s, members were mostly young people from rural areas. The focus was on farm projects, such as raising pigs and growing and canning food. Today over 75% of the club members come from towns, cities, and suburbs, and hundreds of projects exist, each adapted to its geographical area. While rural districts abound in conservation, forestry, and farm management projects, projects in urban areas often involve nutrition, health, automotive care, and money management.
The 4-H program in America is a joint service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, state universities, and county governments. Additional funding is provided by business firms and private organizations. Members of the clubs are guided by volunteer adult leaders and their teenage assistants. In the clubs, 4-H’ers learn about and work on solving serious problems that face their communities, issues like environmental protection and community safety.
In addition to the 4-H clubs in the U.S. states and territories, more than eighty countries, including Taiwan, have adapted the 4-H idea to fit their own needs.   In the less developed countries, many clubs offer courses in proper nutrition and in new farming technology.

      4-H 是世界上最大的青少年組織之一，一個 9-19 歲年青人的俱樂部組織。4-H 的主要宗 旨是提供年輕人成為他們社區中有用的成員所需要的實際技術和認知。4 個 H 代表的是領導、 愛心、幫助和健康。
在 1990 年代初期，當 4-H 在美國開始的時候，會員大部分來自農村地區。著重在農業 計劃，例如養豬和生長、製造罐頭食物。現今超過 75%的會員來自鄉鎮、城市和郊區，而且 有數百個計劃存在，每個都適用於它個別的地理區域。農村區域有談吐、森林、農場管理等 許多計劃，都會區域的計畫通常和營養、健康、汽車修護和財務管理等有關。
美國的 4-H 計劃是由美國農業部、州立大學和鄉鎮公所共同提供的服務。其他的贊助是 由私人企業和財團組織提供。俱樂部的會員是由成年義工組長和他們的青少年助手引導。在 俱樂部中，4-H 會員們學習和解決他們社區所面臨的重大問題，例如環保和社區安全等。
除了在美國各州和屬地的 4-H 俱樂部之外，有超過 80 個國家，包括台灣，也將 4-H 的 概念融入了他們自己的需求。在低度開發的國家中，許多的俱樂部提供適當的營養和新耕作 技術的課程。

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